ࡱ> qspM :bjbj== "\WW6 lb&&&8^zdb'K2>+? JJJJJJJ$YL yNJKKKJ$J$$$KZJ$KJ$$+*FX2J =?Sb& 22H(2JtJ0'KZHN"<N2J$.@"The Price We Pay Authors: Mary Glodowski, Sharon Winter, Greg Craven, Heidi Neff, Debbie Alan Courses for Which the Activity is Intended: Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Studies Types of Teaching/Learning Activities Involved: Students are placed in small groups to research issues pertaining to organic and traditional farming. Students present their views to the class, assuming a specific perspective or role. Categories that Best Describe the Lesson: Economic Issues Social Issues Environmental Issues Ethics/Values Issues Raised by the Lesson: Personal and business economics Preservation and stewardship of the environment Human health and well-being Quality of life Positive interpersonal relations Student Handout Should I buy organic produce? Have you ever considered the cost to produce the food you eat? Cost can include economic as well as social and ethical considerations. Read the information regarding your role. Complete the task and choose a spokesperson to present your view to the class. Position/Role:____________________________________________________ STUDENT DIRECTIONS: After gathering in small groups, students assign these tasks within your group: recorder presentation coordinator foreman research coordinator poster creator Brainstorm about the position you would take in your role. Be sure to include the considerations listed. Investigate the resources listed and perform additional resources as necessary. Identify the data that led to your view. Prepare the information to persuade Joe Public to buy or not buy organic produce. Identify the ethical considerations you considered when reaching your decision. Present your view to the class. Using the model below, make a personal decision about buying organic produce. Answer the following questions individually in writing. What is the issue? What are the facts? Who are the stakeholders? What are your relevant values? Generate a variety of solutions. (At least 4 possibilities) Choose the best solution for you based on your values. Roles: The Enviro-Pals As members of the environmental activist group The Enviro-Pals, you are concerned with the issues of environmental responsibility. You are not only concerned with the welfare of the living plants and animals of the earth, but you are aware of the direct and indirect consequences on humans of polluting the environment. When considering whether organic farming is a worthwhile practice, you are concerned with the principle of sustainabilitythat is, if we continue current practices in the long run, will we be happy with the effects? When asking organic: yes or no? you will probably be thinking of issues such as runoff (where extra pesticides end uplakes, streams, ocean, etc.), effects on wildlife, health effects on humans who may drink contaminated water, etc. Possible Resources for the Enviropals: Extension Toxicology Network Information on Bioaccumulation  HYPERLINK http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/tibs/bioaccum.htm http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/tibs/bioaccum.htm The Environmental Working Group Pesticide Page  HYPERLINK http://www.ewg.org/pesticides http://www.ewg.org/pesticides Organic Produce Not More Dangerous Press Release  HYPERLINK "http://www.hawiaa.org/press001.htm" http://www.hawiaa.org/press001.htm Organic Farming Research Foundation  HYPERLINK http://www.ofrf.org www.ofrf.org Produce Buyers for Eds Megamarket As the people employed in this well known supermarket to shop for and purchase their produce in bulk, you are concerned with providing a quality product to the individual consumer, and maintaining profits for your business. Organic fruits and vegetables cost more for farmers to produce, and so the cost to you is higher than non-organic fruits and vegetables. As a result, your mark-up on the produce may be less, or the retail price may be so high that nobody would buy it. On the other hand, perhaps consumer demand for organic produce could be increased with a marketing campaign. (Then again, that would cost more money, so would it be worth it in the end?) Having a good corporate image is helpful to long-term profits, and in the current culture, providing organic produce as an option in your stores might be help your stores image as a good corporate neighbor. Possible Resources for Produce Buyers Produce Marketing Association Statement on Pesticide Residues and Produce Safety  HYPERLINK http://www.pma.com/news/pestposition.html http://www.pma.com/news/pestposition.html Hidden Dangers of Organic Food (Article)  HYPERLINK http://hudson.org/American_Outlook/articles_fa98/avery.htm http://hudson.org/American_Outlook/articles_fa98/avery.htm Activist for Farm Workers You are Ron Smith. You represent the migrant farm workers in your area, a very diverse group of people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Some support families which vary widely in size and some are single. Some support family members in other countries. Ron is moving to organize the farm workers in your area into a union. Some of Rons concerns include: Health risks associated with pesticide and herbicide use. Is there a difference in pay for picking organic crops? How does the availability of health care compare? Proximity of housing to pesticide/herbicide sprayed orchards Possible Resources for Workers National Center for Farmworker Health About Americas Farmworkers  HYPERLINK http://www.ncfh.org/aboutfws.htm http://www.ncfh.org/aboutfws.htm Pesticides and Food What You and Your Family Need to Know, EPA  HYPERLINK http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food Farm Owner You are Dan and Melody Hatch. You have a 100 acre apple orchard which is presently not farmed organically. This is your sole source of income. Dan and Melody are contemplating the following issues: How do the costs of traditional and organic farming compare? Is there a difference in the yield per acre? What is the difference in the market price of organic apples vs. non-organically produced apples per box? Possible Resources for Farm Owners Organic Farming Research Foundation  HYPERLINK http://www.ofrf.org www.ofrf.org Pesticides and Food What You and Your Family Need to Know, EPA  HYPERLINK http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food Chemical Company Owner You are Joe , the owner of a large chemical company located in Prescott, WA. 70% of your revenue is generated by sales of non-organic pesticides and herbicides used in traditional farming methods. Some considerations for you include: The higher costs of producing organic and non-organic pesticides, herbicides and other farm products The number of organic farm owners is small and therefore doesnt create much company revenue.. The public image of agricultural chemicals is negative. Possible Resources for Chemical Company Owner Monsanto  HYPERLINK http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/default.htm www.monsanto.com/monsanto/default.htm Rohm and Haas and the Environment  HYPERLINK http://www.rohmhaas.com/company/Environmental/index.html http://www.rohmhaas.com/company/Environmental/index.html Toxicologist As professional toxicologists, you are aware that the public places an enormous amount of trust in your scientific knowledge and judgment. In the ongoing debate about how worthwhile organic produce is, there are several aspects that you know are important. Primarily, you are concerned with the direct and indirect health risks to humans. Consumers may be afraid that they may be exposed to potentially harmful chemicals (pesticides and herbicides) if they eat non-organic fruits and vegetables that havent been properly washed. As toxicologists, you are in a position to advise whether such exposure is of a great enough level to pose a health riskor perhaps there isnt enough research done to be conclusive either way. You are also in a position to speak about the potential health risks to farm workers who may be exposed to larger amounts of potentially dangerous chemicals on a non-organic farm. You might also be able to address the controversy about whether organic produce might pose a greater risk than non-organic produce due to infection by the bacteria E. Coli. Possible Resources for Toxicologist An Introduction to Insecticides by George W. Ware  HYPERLINK http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/ware.htm http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/ware.htm Hidden Dangers of Organic Food (Article)  HYPERLINK http://hudson.org/American_Outlook/articles_fa98/avery.htm http://hudson.org/American_Outlook/articles_fa98/avery.htm Pesticides and Food What You and Your Family Need to Know, EPA  HYPERLINK http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food LESSON PLAN: This lesson is intended to introduce a process of ethical decision making and allow students to practice this process based on an issue involving chemistry applications. Teacher Behaviors Introduce the following ethical decision making model by mini-lecture. - What is the issue? (Should I buy organic produce?) - What are the facts? (From student investigation) - Who are the stakeholders? (From the investigation groups, the consuming public, plus any others that the students can think of) - What are your relevant values? (examples: stewardship of the environment, quality of life, etc.) - Generate a variety of solutions. (At least 4 possibilites) - Choose the best solution for you based on your values Introduce organic vs. traditional farming scenario with handout. Assign students to panel groups reflecting some of the major stakeholders. Allow students small group time to investigate the perspectives and concerns of their assigned group. Facilitate 5-10 minute persuasive panel report resulting from their investigation while non-reporting class members utilizes listening and note taking skills to synthesize ALL the information presented. Allow students time individually to formulate their personal decision to respond to the ethical issue based on the presented model (could be assigned as homework). Student Behaviors Take notes on ethical decision making model Read background information and reflectively consider the scenario After gathering in their small groups, students assign these tasks within their group: recorder presentation coordinator foreman research coordinator poster creator All group members investigate the perspectives and concerns of their stakeholder group using available resources Present persuasive information in 5-10 minute presentations in style of choice. Students in the audience listen and take notes Use the decision making model by answering all of the questions and finally come to a decision as an individual. Discussion: As consumers, we make decisions that incorporate our personal perspectives on the importance of economic, societal, environmental factors. Our personal values are ultimately reflected in the decisions we make. Often identifying our personal values and identifying relevant facts and possible consequences enhances our ability to make the best possible decisions. This is especially important in making ethical decisions where we hold pertinent values that are in conflict. After completing this exercise, students will have had the opportunity to identify facts and values, generate multiple possible solutions, and come to a best personal solution. They should come to the realization that there is no one correct answer because they each have different values and that most decisions do not result in a win-win situation for everyone affected by the decision. Assessment (3 part) Research Participation Group Participation Evaluation On a scale of 0-5, evaluate your participation in information gathering and discussion within your small group. 5 is active participation, 0 is no participation. Name:___________________________ Score:_____ Now evaluate your team- mates using the same criteria. _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ Teachers final decision on your grade _____ One of these is handed out to each student to be filled out confidentially. Presentation Participation Presentation Evaluation On a scale of 0-5, evaluate your participation in the presentation. 5 is active participation, 0 is no participation. Name:___________________________ Score:_____ Now evaluate your team- mates using the same criteria. _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ _________________________________ _____ Teachers final decision on your grade _____ One of these is handed out to each student to be filled out confidentially. Answers to Questions in the Model Points Possible Criteria 10All questions answered showing reflection on the issue and logical thinking.9Minor lapses in logical thinking or missing a small piece of the picture.8Some lapses in logical thinking, some key piece of the picture is missing.RedoA significant amount of the work is not complete or you may not have understood the assignment. Please see me regarding redoing the assignment. You must redo the assignment! Extensions: How do we evaluate web sites? Position paper. Investigate the definition of organic food as it applies state-by-state or country by country. Investigate genetically modified/irradiated foods and their impact on the stakeholders of the scenario. Focus on a single pesticide. Give students a budget and have them do a price comparison of organic vs. non-organic produce.  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